There are many kinds of radio frequency connectors , in order to meet the needs of various frequencies and physical structures. People have designed a variety of connector types, with each type of connector is required to meet the corresponding connector standards.The frequency range of the coaxial connector is limited by the first-order round waveguide  mode. Reducing the radius inside of the out……

In RF or microwave multi-carrier communication systems, IMD3 is an important indicator to measure linearity or distortion.Before understanding IMD3, let’s first introduce what IMD is.IMD (Intermodulation Distortion)When two signal frequencies F1 and F2 or multiple signal frequencies pass through the same remote RF transmission system at the same time, nonlinear frequency components are generated b……

1. What is “Smith Chart”?The chart was invented by Phillip Smith in 1939 while working at RCA in the United States. Smith once said, “When I can use a slide rule, I’m interested in graphically representing mathematical relationships.”The basics of the Smith chart lie in the following formula.where Γ represents the reflection coefficient of its lineThat is, S11 and ZL in the S-parameter are the nor……

The X-band belongs to the microwave frequency range. There are two versions of X-band: one refers to the radio wave band with a frequency of 8-12 GHz, and the other refers to the frequency range of X-band with a frequency of 7-11.2 GHz.According to IEEE 521-2002 standard, X-band refers to the radio wave band with a frequency of 8-12 GHz (wavelength range 37.50 – 25.00 mm), which belongs to microwa……

GalaxySpace successfully realized the first domestic V-band low-orbit satellite measurement and control on its 02 batches of satellites. This batch of satellites was successfully launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on March 5. It is the first low-orbit broadband communication satellite developed in batches in my country.In-orbit simulation map of Galaxy Aerospace 02 batches of satellit……

Massive MIMO (massive multiple-input multiple-output) is a key technology for 5G to improve system capacity and spectrum utilization.In the 5G era, Massive MIMO technology is widely used in base stations.The number of Massive MIMO antennas used in 5G can reach 64 or 128.In the future, when themillimeter wave technologyturns to be more reliable and cost effective, the antenna size is expected to be……